PENGARUH BELANJA PEMERINTAH PUSAT DAN BEASISWA LPDP TERHADAP KENAIKAN ANGKA PARTISIPASI KASAR PERGURUAN TINGGI (APK PT) TAHUN 2018 - 2022

Wirawan, Dandy Ananda Patria (2024) PENGARUH BELANJA PEMERINTAH PUSAT DAN BEASISWA LPDP TERHADAP KENAIKAN ANGKA PARTISIPASI KASAR PERGURUAN TINGGI (APK PT) TAHUN 2018 - 2022. Skripsi thesis, Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN.

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Abstract

Indonesia memasuki periode bonus demografi, sehingga dilaksanakan visi Indonesia Emas 2045 sebagai upaya dalam mengoptimalkan kondisi tersebut. Salah satu pilarnya adalah meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan masyarakat Indonesia. Angka Partisipasi Kasar Perguruan Tinggi (APK PT) adalah satu indikator untuk melihat kualitas penduduk Indonesia. Capaian APK PT Nasional pada tahun 2022 hanya sebesar 31,16, angka ini masih jauh dari target pada RPJMN Tahun 2024 yang sebesar 37,63. Artinya hanya sepertiga penduduk Indonesia yang memperoleh pendidikan tinggi. Pemerintah perlu meningkatkan capaian APK PT, diantaranya melalui belanja pemerintah pusat. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari belanja pemerintah pusat, program beasiswa LPDP, serta faktor lain terhadap capaian APK PT Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data mengenai capaian APK PT, Belanja Pemerintah Pusat, Penerima Beasiswa LPDP, PDRB per Kapita, Lapangan Kerja Informal, Daya Tampung Pendidikan Tinggi, dan Populasi Pemuda Usia 19-24 Tahun pada 34 Provinsi selama periode 2017 – 2022. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis regresi data panel menggunakan model panel dinamis Arellano-Bond. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap capaian APK PT Nasional. Secara parsial, Belanja Pemerintah Pusat berpengaruh signifikan positif sedangkan Proporsi Penerima Beasiswa LPDP berpengaruh signifikan negatif. Indonesia is entering a period of demographic bonus, so the vision of Golden Indonesia 2045 is implemented as an effort to optimize these conditions. One of the pillars is to improve the quality of education of the Indonesian people. The Higher Education Gross Participation Rate (HE GPR) is one indicator to see the quality of the Indonesian population. The achievement of the National Higher Education GPR in 2022 was only 31.16, this figure is still far from the target in the 2024 RPJMN of 37.63. This means that only one-third of Indonesia's population receives higher education. The government needs to increase the achievement of HE GPR, including through central government spending. This study tries to determine the effect of central government spending, the LPDP scholarship program, and other factors on the achievement of Indonesia's HE GPR. The research was conducted by collecting data on the achievement of HE GPR, Central Government Expenditure, LPDP Scholarship Recipients, GRDP per Capita, Informal Employment, Higher Education Capacity, and Youth Population aged 19-24 years in 34 Provinces during the period 2017 - 2022. Furthermore, panel data regression analysis was conducted using the Arellano-Bond dynamic panel model. The results showed that the model simultaneously had a significant effect on the achievement of the National HE GPR. Partially, Central Government Expenditure has a significant positive effect while the Proportion of LPDP Scholarship Recipients has a significant negative effect.

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