Analisis dampak Kebijakan Biodiesel 30% (B30) terhadap Ekspor CPO dan Produk Turunannya di KPPBC TMP Belawan

SITANGGANG, JUANDRY ERYCK (2022) Analisis dampak Kebijakan Biodiesel 30% (B30) terhadap Ekspor CPO dan Produk Turunannya di KPPBC TMP Belawan. KTTA thesis, Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN.

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Abstract

Kebijakan Biodiesel merupakan kebijakan yang dibuat oleh Kementerian Energi dan Sumber daya Mineral yang telah diimplementasikan sejak tahun 2009 dengan mencampur BBN jenis Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) dan BBM jenis Solar. Persentase campuran BBN terus ditingkatkan secara periodic oleh Kementerian ESDM. Kebijakan Biodiesel bertujuan untuk menciptakan Bahan Bakar alternatif yang mensubtitusi Bahan Bakar Minyak jenis Solar dengan menggunakan hasil olahan minyak nabati. Kebijakan ini dinilai efektif karena penggunaan Bahan Bakar Nabati bagi kendaraan dinilai lebih ramah lingkungan. Namun berdasarkan beberapa penelitian, kebijakan biodiesel di tahap saat ini yang berada di persentase 30% atau B30 dinilai memberikan dampak negatif terhadap kegiatan Ekspor CPO berupa penurunan volume ekspor CPO dan produk turunannya, dikarenakan peningkatan biodiesel dalam campuran juga meningkatkan jumlah hasil olahan industri kelapa sawit yang dialihkan untuk program industri Biodiesel. Selama ini CPO dan produk turunannya telah menjadi komoditas ekspor utama Indonesia dan Indonesia menjadi pemasok Kelapa sawit terbesar dunia sehingga kegiatan ekspor menjadi pendorong tingginya harga jual kelapa sawit Indonesia. Pengalihan hasil olahan kelapa sawit tersebut dinilai merugikan petani dan menurunkan devisa negara dari kegiatan ekspor. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat ada tidaknya dampak kebijakan Biodiesel terhadap penurunan volume ekspor CPO dan menentukan seberapa besar pengaruh kebijakan Biodiesel terhadap kegiatan ekspor CPO dan turunannya. KPPBC TMP Belawan merupakan salah satu kantor terbesar di Sumatera yang melayani kegiatan ekspor CPO dan produk turunannya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membandingkan data ekspor CPO dan produk turunannya sebelum peningkatan persentase biodiesel menjadi 30% (B30) yaitu pada tahun 2019 dengan data ekspor CPO dan produk turunannya setelah implementasi B30 yaitu pada tahun 2020 sampai maret 2022. Tulisan ini juga bertujuan untuk melihat potensi ekspor Biodiesel Indonesia di pasaran Internasional agar kebijakan biodiesel turut mendorong kegiatan ekspor serta menambah komoditas ekspor Indonesia./ The Biodiesel Policy is a policy made by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources which has been implemented since 2009 by mixing Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) type BBN and Diesel fuel. The percentage of BBN mixtures continues to be increased periodically by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. The Biodiesel Policy aims to create alternative fuels that substitute diesel fuel oil using processed vegetable oil. This policy is considered effective because the use of Biofuels for vehicles is considered more environmentally friendly. However, based on several studies, the biodiesel policy at the current stage which is at a percentage of 30% or B30 is considered to have a negative impact on CPO Export activities in the form of a decrease in the export volume of CPO and its derivative products, because the increase in biodiesel in the mixture also increases the amount of processed palm oil industry products diverted for the Biodiesel industry program. So far, CPO and its derivative products have become Indonesia's main export commodity and Indonesia has become the world's largest supplier of palm oil so that export activities are a driver of the high selling price of Indonesian palm oil. The transfer of processed palm oil products is considered to be detrimental to farmers and reduce the country's foreign exchange from export activities. This paper aims to see whether or not there is an impact of biodiesel policy on reducing the volume of CPO exports and determine how much influence the biodiesel policy has on the export activities of CPO and its derivatives. KPPBC TMP Belawan is one of the largest offices in Sumatra that serves the export activities of CPO and its derivative products. The study was conducted by comparing export data on CPO and its derivative products before the increase in the percentage of biodiesel to 30% (B30), namely in 2019 with data on exports of CPO and its derivative products after the implementation of B30, namely in 2020 to March 2022. This paper also aims to see the export potential of Indonesian biodiesel in the international market so that biodiesel policy also encourages export activities and adds to Indonesia's export commodities.

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