DAMPAK KAWASAN EKONOMI KHUSUS (KEK) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN PENERIMAAN NEGARA

Muhammad, Fadhal (2025) DAMPAK KAWASAN EKONOMI KHUSUS (KEK) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN PENERIMAAN NEGARA. Skripsi thesis, Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Ketimpangan pembangunan antarwilayah di Indonesia menjadi tantangan utama dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi yang merata. Pembangunan ekonomi sebagian besar terpusat di pulau Jawa, sementara wilayah lainnya masih tertinggal. Sebagai respons, pemerintah Indonesia mengembangkan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) di berbagai wilayah dengan memberikan fasilitas fiskal dan nonfiskal guna menarik investasi, menciptakan lapangan kerja, dan mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi. Setelah beberapa tahun berjalan, efektivitas kebijakan ini perlu diukur secara komprehensif untuk mengetahui dampak ekonomi yang ditimbulkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak KEK Sei Mangkei, Mandalika, Galang Batang, Bitung, dan Belitung terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) dan penerimaan perpajakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menerapkan Synthetic Control Method (SCM) untuk membandingkan wilayah yang memiliki KEK dan wilayah kontrol yang tidak memiliki KEK. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KEK Sei Mangkei dan KEK Bitung berdampak positif signifikan terhadap PDRB Simalungun dan Kota Bitung. Namun, keduanya tidak menunjukkan dampak positif signifikan terhadap penerimaan perpajakan. KEK Mandalika tidak berdampak positif signifikan terhadap PDRB ataupun penerimaan perpajakan di Lombok Tengah. KEK Galang Batang tidak berdampak positif signifikan terhadap PDRB Bintan, tetapi memberikan kontribusi positif signifikan terhadap penerimaan pajak di Bintan berkat tingginya produktivitas pelaku usaha. Sementara itu, dampak KEK Tanjung Kelayang belum dapat diestimasi karena keterbatasan metode yang digunakan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan insentif fiskal yang tepat sasaran, penguatan infrastruktur, dan pengawasan kepatuhan perpajakan untuk mengoptimalkan manfaat ekonomi dan fiskal KEK dalam rangka mengurangi ketimpangan antar wilayah di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Ketimpangan, Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus, pertumbuhan ekonomi, penerimaan perpajakan, synthetic control method. xiii Abstract Development inequality between regions in Indonesia remains a major challenge in promoting equitable economic growth. Economic development is predominantly concentrated in the Java island, while other regions lag behind. In response, the government has established Special Economic Zones (SEZs) across various regions, offering fiscal and non-fiscal incentives to attract investment, create jobs, and stimulate economic growth. After several years of implementation, the effectiveness of this policy needs to be comprehensively assessed to understand its economic impact. This study aims to analyze the impact of SEZs: Sei Mangkei, Mandalika, Galang Batang, Bitung, and Belitung on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and tax revenue. This study uses quantitative approach by applying the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) to compare regions with SEZs and control regions without SEZs. The findings indicate that the Sei Mangkei and Bitung SEZs have a significant positive impact on the GRDP of Simalungun and Bitung City. However, both zones do not show a significant positive impact on tax revenue. The Mandalika SEZ does not have a significant positive impact on either GRDP or tax revenue in Lombok Tengah. The Galang Batang SEZ does not have a significant positive impact on the GRDP of Bintan but contributes significantly to tax revenue in Bintan due to the high productivity of businesses. Meanwhile, the impact of the Tanjung Kelayang SEZ could not be estimated due to methodological limitations. This study recommends enhancing targeted fiscal incentives, optimizing infrastructure, and improving tax compliance monitoring to optimize the economic and fiscal benefits of SEZs in order to reduce regional disparities in Indonesia. Keywords: Inequality, Special Economic Zone, economic growth, tax revenue, synthetic control method.

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